The 1777 March of The Convention Army - "Two Hundred Miles From Saratoga To Boston"

By
On October 18, 1777, over 6,000 men, women and children set out on a march from Stillwater, New York to Boston, Massachusetts - and never made it!

These were the British and German troops of Lieutenant-General John Burgoyne, some accompanied by their wives and children, unsuccessful in their attempt to take control of the Lake Champlain and Hudson River Valleys.  Guarding them were citizen-soldiers from American militia units, who together with Continental Army forces under the command of Major-General Horatio Gates, stopped an invasion in its tracks, and in doing so changed the course of history.

Painting in the US Capitol by John Trumbull of the surrender of Burgoyne to Gates at Saratoga
A day earlier Burgoyne had offered his sword to Gates in a gesture of surrender to the victorious  American army, as pictured in the painting "The Surrender of General Burgoyne" by artist and Revolutionary War veteran John Trumbull (accessed through the website of The Architect of the Capitol).

Burgoyne's troops marched "... out of their camp with the honours of war, ... to the verge of the river where the old fort stood, where the arms and artillery are to be left; the arms to be piled by word of command from their own officers" under the terms of the Articles of Convention signed by their commander, bound for the port of Boston. [1]

Guaranteed "free passage", ahead of them lay two converging routes over 175 miles long, through towns and villages in New York, Vermont and Massachusetts for the British column, and New York and Massachusetts for their German allies.  "We were marched..." wrote Corporal Roger Lamb of the British 9th Regiment of Foot, "... during the rigors of winter, in a cold climate, two hundred miles from Saratoga to Boston... From the outset of the marching we experienced much hardship, sleeping in barns, and having but bad clothing and scanty provisions..." [2]

Their journey didn't end in mystery, but the records of their 1777 march are scattered and few.  Their expectation that soon they would board transport ships in Boston Harbor and return to England would be unfulfilled.

Some would spend over five years in captivity before their release, and march again from Massachusetts to Virginia, then Maryland, and Pennsylvania.

For others, there would be parole or escape and a return to service in the British army, a new life in a new country, or an untimely death.

For the United States, the surrender at Saratoga would be a turning point leading to direct French intervention and a successful conclusion of the war in 1783.

For decades I've enjoyed learning about history, traveling to historic sites, and sharing what I've learned.  Over the years that interest has taken me from Canada to Georgia to visit the battlefields of the American Revolution and to participate in countless reenactments.  It's also taken me to museums, libraries, archives and bookstores to further my knowledge of the events.

Now I've come to better appreciate that history happens just down the street from all of us.  For several years now I have been aware that what has become known as the "Convention Army" passed through many central Massachusetts towns, including my own.

Campfire in the woods along the route of march.
This fall, outside in my backyard walking distance from the march route, I was inspired by a late October fire to learn more about who they were, where they stayed and what they experienced.  This blog is my way of sharing what I find, and the stories of the people, places and events of those twenty-one days in 1777.

Join me as we connect the dots of their first march.  We'll begin with a summary of the Saratoga campaign, the Articles of Convention and an overview of the routes taken.  While our primary focus will be their journey, we'll reserve the right to stray from the line of march to examine related topics, both past and present.

[1] Articles of Convention, Article I.
[2] Lamb, Corporal Roger, Memoir of His Own Life, pp. 207, 212.


Next week: The Saratoga Campaign - "The Causes of the Disaster"

For more on the Convention Army's 1777 march from Saratoga to Boston, see:

1777 March Blog Home          Overnight Stopping Points          Towns and Villages Along the Way

 Annotated Bibliography

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

George Washington and Saratoga - "A Matter Of Such Magnitude"

By
Image
February 22, 2023, marks the 291st anniversary of the birth of George Washington, pictured here in a  Library of Congress  print published in Germany in 1777 or 1778.  For more than two centuries Washington's birth has been widely noted, and was a federally recognized holiday from 1885 to 1971.  For the last five decades an all encompassing "Presidents' Day" has supplanted not only a holiday observance on the date of Washington's birth, but the February 12th celebration of the birthday of another truly great American President, Abraham Lincoln. In the fall of 1777 Washington hands were full as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army.  While Major-General Horatio Gates defended the upper Hudson River Valley, Washington was responding to British General Sir William Howe's expedition moving not north to support Burgoyne, but south by ship into the Chesapeake Bay and then north by land to Philadelphia.  On September 11th British forces maneuvered to fla...
Read more

The Battle Of Hubbardton - "No Visible Advantage"

By
Image
On July 6, 1777, British and German forces under the command of Lieutenant-General John Burgoyne occupied the American fortifications at Fort Ticonderoga and Mount Independence  and took control of Lake Champlain.  Outnumbered, American troops retired south to Skenesboro, some by boat, others by land southeast on military roads to Castleton, Vermont.  Burgoyne responded by focusing his attention on those fleeing by boat, and left the pursuit of those who traveled by land to the commander of his Advance Corps, Brigadier-General Simon Fraser, "Knowing how safely I could trust to that officers conduct."   [1] British Lieutenant James Hadden of the Royal Artillery noted in his Journal :  "July 6th At daybreak this Morning the retreat of the Enemy was discover'd, and B. Gen'l Frazer, with about 8 or 900 of his own Corps (leaving the rest with the Tents Batteaux's &c &c) pursued them towards Huberton, leaving his Artillery which the Road was not capable o...
Read more

Burgoyne’s Camp Kettle - “Captured October 17, 1777, In The Battle Of Saratoga[?]”

By
Image
A number of museums have displayed items said to be associated with British Lieutenant-General John Burgoyne.  They offer visitors a physical connection to the Saratoga campaign, and serve as a reminder of the American victory in October of 1777, which changed the course of the Revolutionary War.  One of these objects is a kettle described as “Burgoyne’s Camp Kettle” which, up until recently, was on display at the Bennington Battle Monument in Bennington, Vermont. My introduction to Burgoyne’s Camp Kettle came by way of a postcard, as pictured here.  In addition to the painted description on the kettle itself which identified this as “Gen. Burgoyne’s Camp-Kettle”, the back of the postcard indicated that this was “Gen. Burgoyne’s Camp Kettle captured October 17, 1777, in the battle of Saratoga, where Gen. Burgoyne surrendered” .  A caption on the front of the postcard indicated that the picture was taken at the Bennington Battle Monument, a Vermont State Historic Sit...
Read more